Friedrich Engels
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Friedrich Engels | |
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| Born | 28 November 1820 |
| Died | 5 August 1895 |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation | Philosopher; social theorist; journalist |
| Known for | Marxist theory; critique of capitalism |
| Notable work | The Condition of the Working Class in England; The Communist Manifesto |
Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) was a German philosopher, social theorist, and political writer who collaborated closely with Karl Marx in the development of socialist and communist theory. He played a central role in shaping and disseminating ideas that later became known as Marxism.
Engels combined theoretical work with empirical observation, particularly in his analyses of industrial society.
Early life and education
Friedrich Engels was born in 1820 in Barmen, in what is now Germany. He grew up in a family involved in industrial manufacturing and received a formal education that included commercial training.
His exposure to industrial conditions influenced his later social analysis.
Industrial experience
Engels spent time working in textile factories in England, where he observed the living and working conditions of industrial laborers. These experiences informed his early social critique.
His observations formed the basis of The Condition of the Working Class in England.
Collaboration with Karl Marx
Engels met Karl Marx in the 1840s, beginning a long intellectual partnership. Together they developed critiques of political economy and co-authored key works, including The Communist Manifesto.
Engels also provided financial and editorial support that enabled Marx to complete major projects.
Theoretical contributions
Engels contributed to the development of historical materialism and wrote extensively on philosophy, economics, and science. He sought to systematize and expand Marx’s ideas, particularly after Marx’s death.
His later writings addressed topics ranging from social organization to natural science.
Political activity
Engels participated in socialist movements and maintained correspondence with political activists across Europe. He played a role in promoting socialist theory internationally.
Later life
After Marx’s death, Engels edited and published later volumes of Das Kapital. He remained an influential figure within socialist circles until his death in 1895.
Legacy
Friedrich Engels is regarded as a foundational figure in socialist thought. His collaboration with Marx and his independent writings significantly shaped modern political theory.
His work continues to be studied in discussions of capitalism, labor, and social change.